Caria

	Caria Extreme southwestern Anatolia, opposite the Isle of Rhodes. In ancient times, this place held one of the Seven Wonders of the World, the tomb of the eleventh listed ruler, which construction gave its name to all succeeding constructions of like nature: Mausoleum. Like many impoverished mountain countries, its best-known export in ancient times were its young men, as mercenaries. See also, Miletus. `Amisodarus......................................fl. c. 1250's ?` `??` `To Persia..........................................546-334` `Isadorus.................................fl. late 500's` `Lydamis I` `Husband of Artemisia I.................fl. c. 500-490's` `Artemisia I the Valiant (fem.)............c. 490's-mid 400's` Artemisia was an extraordinary woman, spoken of at length by Herodotos. She was a military commander on both land and sea in the service of the Persian Empire, whose feats of daring and military acumen won the stunned admiration of all. In an age when women were frankly chattel, she broke every mold and, as a result, her name became the preferred name for many Carian noble women for centuries after. `Psyndalis............................c. mid 400's-late 400's` `Lydamis II...............................fl. late 5th cent.` `Tissaphernes (Tisapharna) (Lydia 415-07)......415-395` Tissaphernes was high Persian noble, the grandson of the Hydarnes who had commanded the Persian Immortals at Thermopylae and Plataea. He was also the foe of the Ten Thousand, the Hellenic mercenaries whose exploits were chronicled in Xenophon's Anabasis. `Hyssaldomos of Mylasa.........................fl. 395` Hecatomid `Hecatompos....................................395-377` `Mausoles......................................377-353` `Artemisia II (fem.)............................353-350` `Hydrites......................................350-343` `Idneus........................................343-341 with...` `Ada (fem.).....................................343-341 d. 320's ?` `Pyxodoros.....................................341-335` `Orontabatis (fem.).............................335-334 with...` `Memnon........................................335-334` `To Macedon.........................................334-305` `Ada (fem.) (restored)..........................334-320's opposed by...` `Olympichus (in Mylasa)............................320's` `Asander the Diadochos.........................fl. c. 310's` `To the Kingdom of Antigonus........................305-301` `Pleistarchus.......................................301-294` `To Egypt...........................................294-272` `To Seleucid Empire.................................272-189` `Chrysaoric League..........................c. 200-c. 150` `To Pergamum........................................190-133 and...` `Portions also to Rhodes............................190-170` `To the Roman Republic..............................133-129` `Aristonicus............................................129` `To the Roman Republic..............................129-27` `To the Roman Empire.............................27 BCE-395 CE` `To the Byzantine Empire............................395-1071` `To the Seljuqs....................................1071-1098` `To the Byzantine Empire...........................1098-1204` `To the Seljuq Sultanate of Rum....................1204-1243` `To the Mongols, within Rum as their client........1243-c. 1300` Milas A Ghazi state in this province, based at ancient Mylasa. Menteshe `Menteshe Bey Mas'ud................................fl. c. 1300` `Shuja ud-Din Orkhan` `Ibrahim` `Muhammad..........................................1354-1375` `Taj ud-Din Ahmed Ghazi............................1375-1391` `Muzaffar ud-Din Ilyas..................................1391 d. 1421` `To the Ottoman Empire.............................1391-1402` `Muzaffar ud-Din Ilyas (restored)..................1402-1421` `Laith.............................................1421-1426 with...` `Uwais.............................................1421-1426 and...` `Ahmed.............................................1421-1426` `To the Ottoman Empire thereafter...`